In late 2013, Dr. Jason Lynam and Professor Ian Fairlamb delivered four Christmas Demonstration Lectures at Wetherby High School. The first was delivered to year 10 students (ca. 150), with typical demonstrations included: 1) pH changes using universal indicator and solid carbon dioxide / addition of sodium bicarbonate to red cabbage water; 2) production of hydrogen from graphite pencils in water using a 9 volt PP3 battery; 3) degradation of hydrogen peroxide using fresh liver to give molecular oxygen, which was then reacted on with toluene in a balloon; 4) the Christmas dinner digestion with hydrochloric acid; 5) ice-cream making using both ice/NaCl and liquid nitrogen. The demonstration that received the most interest was the liquid nitrogen frozen orange slice, which quickly turned to an orange power at -196 °C (under controlled conditions). Similar demonstrations were shown to the primary school children (aged 9-10), in three lectures, where there was direct participation in the solids, liquids and gases demonstration.


